Self-Control and the Two Selves

Do you ever find yourself struggling with self-control? Perhaps you have difficulty resisting a tempting treat or procrastinating on important tasks. According to the book Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness, self-control problems can be better understood by thinking about an individual as containing two semiautonomous selves - a far-sighted "Planner" and a myopic "Doer."

The Planner is responsible for making long-term goals and decisions, while the Doer is focused on immediate gratification and pleasure. For example, the Planner might set a goal to save money for retirement, while the Doer wants to splurge on a luxury vacation right now.

The problem arises when the Planner and the Doer are in conflict. The Planner knows what is best for the individual in the long-term, but the Doer is easily swayed by short-term pleasures. This conflict can lead to impulsive decisions and a lack of self-control.

So how can we overcome this conflict and improve our self-control? One solution is to use a "Nudge." A Nudge is a small change in the environment or choice architecture that can influence the decision-making process without restricting freedom of choice.

For example, placing healthy snacks at eye level in a cafeteria can nudge individuals towards healthier food choices. Another example is setting up automatic savings plans, which nudge individuals towards saving money without requiring constant self-control.

But what if the Planner wants to protect the Doer from making impulsive decisions? One strategy is for the Planner to use mindfulness to create a system that considers mindlessness.

Mindfulness is a mental state achieved by focusing one's awareness on the present moment, while calmly acknowledging and accepting one's feelings, thoughts, and bodily sensations. By practicing mindfulness, the Planner can become more aware of the Doer's tendencies towards impulsive decisions and short-term pleasures.

The Planner can then create a system that takes into account the Doer's mindless behavior. For example, the Planner can set up automatic reminders or alerts to help the Doer stay on track with long-term goals. The Planner can also create a system of rewards that incentivizes the Doer to make better decisions.

By understanding the two selves and using mindfulness, nudges, and a system that considers mindlessness, we can improve our self-control and make better decisions for our long-term well-being. So next time you find yourself struggling with self-control, remember that you are not alone - and that there are strategies to help you achieve your goals.